[{"id":15327,"date":"2026-07-12T17:31:28","date_gmt":"2026-07-12T22:31:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/?page_id=15327"},"modified":"2026-09-02T13:04:19","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T18:04:19","slug":"donate","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/donate\/","title":{"rendered":"Donate"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-soliloquy-soliloquywp\"><style type=\"text\/css\">body.page.page-id-9856 #content { width: 100% !important; max-width: 100%; }body.page.page-id-9856 #content ul#soliloquy-9856 img { width: 100%; }#soliloquy-container-9856.soliloquy-container .soliloquy-image {width: 100% !important;}#soliloquy-container-9856 {margin-bottom: 15px !important;}<\/style><div class=\"soliloquy-outer-container\" data-soliloquy-loaded=\"0\"><div aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"soliloquy-container-9856_1\" class=\"soliloquy-container soliloquy-transition-fade soliloquy-fade soliloquy-controls-active soliloquy-arrows-active soliloquy-pauseplay-active  soliloquy-theme-classic no-js\" style=\"max-width:1000px;margin:0 auto 0px;max-width:100%;max-height:none;\"><ul id=\"soliloquy-9856_1\" class=\"soliloquy-slider soliloquy-slides soliloquy-wrap soliloquy-clear\"><li aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"soliloquy-item soliloquy-item-1 soliloquy-id-14073 soliloquy-image-slide\" draggable=\"false\" style=\"list-style:none;\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"soliloquy-image-14073\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-image-1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/1.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/li><li aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"soliloquy-item soliloquy-item-2 soliloquy-id-14074 soliloquy-image-slide\" draggable=\"false\" 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aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"soliloquy-item soliloquy-item-4 soliloquy-id-14075 soliloquy-image-slide\" draggable=\"false\" style=\"list-style:none;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"soliloquy-image-14075\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-image-4 soliloquy-preload\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-content\/plugins\/soliloquy\/assets\/css\/images\/holder.gif?ssl=1\" data-soliloquy-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/11.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"11\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/li><li aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"soliloquy-item soliloquy-item-5 soliloquy-id-14076 soliloquy-image-slide\" draggable=\"false\" style=\"list-style:none;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"soliloquy-image-14076\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-image-5 soliloquy-preload\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-content\/plugins\/soliloquy\/assets\/css\/images\/holder.gif?ssl=1\" 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decoding=\"async\" id=\"soliloquy-image-14080\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-image-9 soliloquy-preload\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-content\/plugins\/soliloquy\/assets\/css\/images\/holder.gif?ssl=1\" data-soliloquy-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/6.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"6\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/li><li aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"soliloquy-item soliloquy-item-10 soliloquy-id-14081 soliloquy-image-slide\" draggable=\"false\" style=\"list-style:none;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"soliloquy-image-14081\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-image-10 soliloquy-preload\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-content\/plugins\/soliloquy\/assets\/css\/images\/holder.gif?ssl=1\" data-soliloquy-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/5.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"5\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/li><li aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"soliloquy-item soliloquy-item-11 soliloquy-id-14082 soliloquy-image-slide\" draggable=\"false\" style=\"list-style:none;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"soliloquy-image-14082\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-image-11 soliloquy-preload\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-content\/plugins\/soliloquy\/assets\/css\/images\/holder.gif?ssl=1\" data-soliloquy-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/4.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"4\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/li><li aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"soliloquy-item soliloquy-item-12 soliloquy-id-14083 soliloquy-image-slide\" draggable=\"false\" style=\"list-style:none;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"soliloquy-image-14083\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-image-12 soliloquy-preload\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-content\/plugins\/soliloquy\/assets\/css\/images\/holder.gif?ssl=1\" data-soliloquy-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/3.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"3\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/li><\/ul><\/div><noscript><div class=\"soliloquy-no-js\" style=\"display:none;visibility:hidden;height:0;line-height:0;opacity:0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-no-js-image skip-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/1.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-no-js-image skip-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/12.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"12\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-no-js-image skip-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/2.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"2\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-no-js-image skip-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/11.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"11\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-no-js-image skip-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/10.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"10\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-no-js-image skip-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/9.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"9\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-no-js-image skip-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/8.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"8\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-no-js-image skip-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/7.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"7\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-no-js-image skip-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/6.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"6\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-no-js-image skip-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/5.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"5\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-no-js-image skip-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/4.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"4\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"soliloquy-image soliloquy-no-js-image skip-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2020\/07\/3.png?fit=1137%2C476&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"3\" \/><\/div><\/noscript><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Donations Welcome!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When you give to the Alamo Area Chapter, your impact is local and immediate. Your support funds hands-on restoration, stewardship, and public outreach programs to keep the greater San Antonio&#8217;s natural spaces thriving. Our volunteers are already hard at work, and we&#8217;re ready to do even more. Please consider a tax-deductible gift to help us grow our mission.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Donations Welcome! When you give to the Alamo Area Chapter, your impact is local and immediate. Your support funds hands-on restoration, stewardship, and public outreach programs to keep the greater&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/donate\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1545,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":""},"class_list":["post-15327","page","type-page","status-publish","entry"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"landing-template-slider":false,"landing-template-thumbnail":false,"template-flexcolumns-2":false,"template-flexcolumns-3":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"archive":false,"gform-image-choice-sm":false,"gform-image-choice-md":false,"gform-image-choice-lg":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Robert Doyal","author_link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/author\/robertdoyal\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Donations Welcome! When you give to the Alamo Area Chapter, your impact is local and immediate. Your support funds hands-on restoration, stewardship, and public outreach programs to keep the greater... Read More &rarr;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P5WTKM-3Zd","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15327","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1545"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15327"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15327\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15327"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":15245,"date":"2026-04-19T11:39:49","date_gmt":"2026-04-19T16:39:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/?page_id=15245"},"modified":"2026-04-19T11:39:49","modified_gmt":"2026-04-19T16:39:49","slug":"wildlife-and-plant-posters","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wildlife-and-plant-posters\/","title":{"rendered":"Wildlife and Plant Posters"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1521,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":""},"class_list":["post-15245","page","type-page","status-publish","entry"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"landing-template-slider":false,"landing-template-thumbnail":false,"template-flexcolumns-2":false,"template-flexcolumns-3":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"archive":false,"gform-image-choice-sm":false,"gform-image-choice-md":false,"gform-image-choice-lg":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"kellieclelland","author_link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/author\/kellieclelland\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":null,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P5WTKM-3XT","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1521"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15245"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15245\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":15206,"date":"2026-03-04T16:51:07","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T22:51:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/?page_id=15206"},"modified":"2026-03-04T16:54:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T22:54:43","slug":"back-from-the-brink-the-science-and-stakes-of-species-reintroduction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/area-resources\/natural-areas-and-linear-creekways-guide\/back-from-the-brink-the-science-and-stakes-of-species-reintroduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Back from the Brink: The Science and Stakes of Species Reintroduction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This piece was written by AAMN Barbara Merrill (Class 49)&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"770\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-1.jpg?resize=770%2C1024\" alt=\"Texas Horned Lizard with water in the background - Las Cruces, NM, US\" class=\"wp-image-15203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-1.jpg?w=770&amp;ssl=1 770w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-1.jpg?resize=226%2C300&amp;ssl=1 226w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-1.jpg?resize=768%2C1021&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo by: J R Tolman (iNaturalist Observation #612741712)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today I\u2019m going to write about an extraordinary species, the Texas Horned Lizard (<em>Phrynosoma cornutum<\/em>) or THL. This lizard is special in many ways. First, the THL is an indicator species. When they are present, it indicates a healthy, functional ecosystem. Second, they regulate the number of harvester ants in their habitat. &nbsp;This keeps the ants from disrupting the local flora. Third, THLs are a food source for predators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now that I\u2019m older, I have a tendency to look back on life. I used to live in the Bulverde City area back in the 1980\u2019s. I loved exploring outside back then as much as I do today. One activity that I really enjoyed was catching and observing the Texas horned lizard. Back then they were easy to find. Not so today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How can a person distinguish the THL from the other horned lizards?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why do I love this species? One of the reasons is that I\u2019m absolutely fascinated by these lizards; they look like little dinosaurs. Just like the other horned lizards, they have many horns on their heads, flatten bodies, and camouflaging colors. They have specialized skin that allows them to access water from moist sand and dew. Rough scales along their heads collect and transport water to their mouths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;There are several ways to differentiate the THL from the other two horned lizards native to Texas.&nbsp; The other two are the round-tailed horned lizard (<em>Phrynosoma modestum<\/em>) and the greater short-tailed horned lizard (<em>Phrynosoma hernandes<\/em>). THL distinguishing features are&#8230;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The two central horns on their heads are longer than the other horns.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Their facial markings are unique, having dark stripes extending from their eyes down the sides of the head.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They have two distinct rows of fringe scales along the sides of their flat abdomens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They have a light-colored line running down the center of their backs along the spine.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">THLs possess unique behavioral characteristics. Despite their fearsome appearance, they are actually quite timid, relying on camouflage as their primary line of defense. When spotted by a predator, they puff up their bodies to appear larger and more intimidating. If this doesn&#8217;t work, they will shoot a stream of blood mixed with an obnoxious, foul-tasting, fluid out of their eye socket. The lizard aims this stream at the predator&#8217;s face and can reach distances of up to 5 feet. Even though this can be a costly defense, they can lose up to 6% of their body weight when performing it; it is effective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-2.jpg?resize=768%2C1024\" alt=\"Photo of a tiny Texas Horned Lizard - Agra Prieta, Mexico\" class=\"wp-image-15202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-2.jpg?w=768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-2.jpg?resize=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo by: Cuevasj (iNaturalist Observation #613108404)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When I was 22 years old, I met and married a military man. I left Texas for more than 25 years. I came back about 10 years ago. I still love being outside. I\u2019m out hiking and camping all the time. Unfortunately, I haven&#8217;t seen any of these special little creatures since I&#8217;ve been back. &nbsp;Being upset by this, I decided to find out where the THL went. What I found out broke my heart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What challenges do THLs face today?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Their numbers have been decreasing for about 50 years now. They are not on the threatened list yet, however. Even though they are well adapted to survive Texas\u2019 harsh environments, they are not well adapted to survive what people do to their environment. We humans tend to cause ecological crises everywhere we go. Urbanization has caused deterioration, fragmentation, and loss of habitat for THLs, as well as many other wildlife species. Urbanization of rural areas reduces the amount of suitable grassland and savanna habitats.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As we build homes, roads, and other buildings in an area, we remove homes for the local wildlife. Even when the builder leaves a small space for wildlife, it\u2019s still not enough. Being locked in by roads leads to inbreeding and health problems. Plus, many animals are killed on our roads. As we all know, roads are dangerous. This fact is especially true for Texas\u2019 cold-blooded animals. Roads hold and radiate a lot of heat; therefore, cold-blooded animals tend to bask on them to warm up. Leading to THL being run over.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another problem THLs are facing is the introduction, by humans, of non-native species. These invasive species include exotic grasses, such as KR Bluestem. Bluestem grows in dense patches that restrict the lizard&#8217;s movement. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Red fire ants (<em>Solenopsis invicta<\/em>) are another invasive species causing the decline of the THL. Red fire ants directly and indirectly affect THL. THL are dietary specialists, meaning they feed mostly on harvester ants (<em>ogonomyrmex barbatos<\/em>). Around 70% of their diet is comprised of harvester ants. THLs do not eat red fire ants. The invasive red fire ants out compete with the harvester ants. Therefore, taking habitat and food sources that harvester ants once retained. Red fire ants have been known to attack and eat THL\u2019s eggs and hatchlings. People have added to the problem of fire ants being in Texas by using pesticides to kill the fire ants. Thereby poising many other wildlife species to include the harvester ants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-3.jpg?resize=1024%2C768\" alt=\"Photo of a Texas Horned Lizard with a stick - Montemorelos, Mexico\" class=\"wp-image-15201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-3.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-3.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-3.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo by: Martin Santana (iNaturalist Observation #614990481)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why it\u2019s not all bad news<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">People are working hard to save this beloved species, as they should\u2014it is the Texas state reptile, after all. Texas wildlife conservation focuses on preserving animal species and their habitats to ensure their long-term survival. Here in Texas, conservation is vital; our state is home to 126 vertebrate species that exist nowhere else in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Texas Parks and Wildlife and the San Antonio Zoo are currently collaborating on the Texas Horned Lizard Reintroduction Project. This initiative focuses on captive breeding and reintroduction, and researchers work closely with private landowners on land management. They teach landowners about the specific needs of this species and how they can help through undertakings such as brush control and creating a healthy mix of bare ground, native grasses, and shrubs. To date, over 1,000 hatchlings have already been released on private lands and sites like the Mason Mountain Wildlife Management Area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-4-1024x682.jpg?resize=1024%2C682\" alt=\"Photo of a Texas Horned Lizard in the palm of a hand.\" class=\"wp-image-15200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-4.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-4.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-4.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/03\/IMAGE-4.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo by: Steve Hillebrand, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>You might be wondering what you can do to help.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Public education is vital, so consider telling people about Texas Horned Lizards (THLs) and the challenges they face. You can also donate to established reintroduction projects or the Horned Lizard Conservation Society. At home, try to ditch the pesticides when treating fire ant mounds and keep your cats indoors. Lastly, you can landscape your yard using native plants. If you join these efforts, you can help many Texas wildlife species, not just the THLs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We all need to work together so that generations to come can enjoy the Texas Horned Lizard like I did.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This piece was written by AAMN Barbara Merrill (Class 49)&nbsp; Today I\u2019m going to write about an extraordinary species, the Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) or THL. This lizard is&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/area-resources\/natural-areas-and-linear-creekways-guide\/back-from-the-brink-the-science-and-stakes-of-species-reintroduction\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1521,"featured_media":0,"parent":5790,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":""},"class_list":["post-15206","page","type-page","status-publish","entry"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"landing-template-slider":false,"landing-template-thumbnail":false,"template-flexcolumns-2":false,"template-flexcolumns-3":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"archive":false,"gform-image-choice-sm":false,"gform-image-choice-md":false,"gform-image-choice-lg":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"kellieclelland","author_link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/author\/kellieclelland\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"This piece was written by AAMN Barbara Merrill (Class 49)&nbsp; Today I\u2019m going to write about an extraordinary species, the Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) or THL. This lizard is... Read More &rarr;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P5WTKM-3Xg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1521"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15206"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15206\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":15176,"date":"2026-02-20T13:37:40","date_gmt":"2026-02-20T19:37:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/?page_id=15176"},"modified":"2026-02-21T17:41:58","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T23:41:58","slug":"edible-and-medicinal-plants","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/area-resources\/natural-areas-and-linear-creekways-guide\/edible-and-medicinal-plants\/","title":{"rendered":"Edible and Medicinal Plants of the Greenway"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Written by Michael Meadows, AAMN<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>WARNING!<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exercise caution when foraging for native edible or medicinal plants. We strongly recommend that all plants are identified by an expert before consuming. Many edible plants have &#8220;toxic look-alikes&#8221; that can be difficult for the untrained eye to distinguish. Even correctly identified plants can cause adverse reactions in some individuals due to personal sensitivities, allergies, or environmental contaminants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The information provided is not intended to diagnose, prescribe, or treat any illness or injury. Consult with a physician or medical expert before attempting any traditional or folk remedies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also note that it is illegal to forage in Texas state parks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By choosing to forage, you are doing so at your <strong>own discretion and risk. <\/strong>Please be advised the Alamo Area Master Naturalists (AAMN) and Texas Master Naturalists (TMN) are <strong>not liable<\/strong> for any illness, injury, allergic reactions, or adverse effects caused by the ingestion of misidentified plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>When in doubt, throw it out.<\/strong> Your health and safety are more important than any potential harvest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>EDIBLE &amp; MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE GREENWAY<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bexar County contains a wide variety of flora. It sits on the convergence of four ecoregions: The Edwards Plateau in the north, the Blackland Prairies through the middle, the Post Oak Savannah in the east and the South Texas Plains to the south. Some native species are found in all four regions, but there are also species unique to each!&nbsp; Native Americans and early Texas settlers took advantage of the diversity of flora to support themselves. Many of the plants are edible, have medicinal uses, or both. Knowledge of plant use was passed from generation to generation of Native Americans. Native American plant knowledge was transferred to European settlers primarily through direct, often lifesaving, interaction, personal mentorship by Indigenous individuals, and the adoption of agricultural techniques. Settlers learned to identify, cultivate, and utilize local flora for food, medicine, and survival.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The two following sections will focus on a few of the more common plants you will see, followed by the names of others for you to look into yourself. You will notice that many plants that are edible also have medicinal properties and are listed on both lists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>EDIBLE PLANTS<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following plants are just a few examples of the many edible plants in our area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Agarita<\/strong> <em>(Berberis trifoliolata)<\/em>&#8211; Also known as Algerita, Agritos and Currant-of-Texas. Look for Agarita on rocky hillsides, scrublands, and grasslands. The fruit is sweet yet tart and can be eaten directly from the plant. It can also be dried or made into jam. Native Americans used them as a seasonal supplemental food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Agarita-1024x576.jpg?resize=1024%2C576\" alt=\"Photo of an Agarita plant.\" class=\"wp-image-15173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Agarita.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Agarita.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Agarita.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Agarita.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Agarita.jpg?resize=400%2C225&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Agarita.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1: Agarita, Photo by Garden Style San Antionio<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Chiltepin<\/strong> <em>(Capsicum annuum) <\/em>&#8211; Thrives in rocky, shaded areas under &#8220;nurse plants&#8221; like mesquite or hackberry trees to protect them from frost and sun. Texas designated the chiltepin (chile tepin) as the official state native pepper in 1997. Chiltepin ranks a whopping 50,000 to 100,000 units on the Scoville heat scale \u2014 hotter than tabasco and cayenne peppers! They are used to add intense, smoky, and citrusy heat to dishes. They are best utilized dried by crushing one to two peppers directly over food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dewberry<\/strong> <em>(Rubus trivialis)<\/em> \u2013 Look for it on roadsides, the edges of fields and open areas in the woods. Dewberry is closely related to Blackberry. Their tastes are similar, but Dewberry fruit is smaller. They are sweet with a bit of tart and dark purple when ripe, and can be eaten directly from the vine or prepared into jam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Wild Grape<\/strong> <em>(Vitis <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em> \u2013 Usually found growing into and over shrubs along forest edges, stream sides, and canyon bottoms. The fruit is sweet, juicy and full of seeds. They are ripe when the grapes turn purple-black and can be eaten directly from the vine or prepared into jam. Young leaves can be used in cooking as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Wild-Grape-and-Dewberry.jpg?resize=480%2C640\" alt=\"Photo of a cluster of wild grapes and dewberries.\" class=\"wp-image-15168\" style=\"width:477px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Wild-Grape-and-Dewberry.jpg?w=480&amp;ssl=1 480w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Wild-Grape-and-Dewberry.jpg?resize=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 2: Wild Grape and Dewberry, Photo by Christine Shimek<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Wild Onion<\/strong> <em>(Allium <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em> \u2013 Plants are common and can be found on grassy hillsides, in meadows and in undisturbed prairie. The entire plant (leaf, flower, stalk and bulb) is edible. Small amounts can be consumed directly. However, to consume a larger amount it should first be cooked or baked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"485\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Wild-Onion.jpg?resize=485%2C800\" alt=\"Photo of a bunch of wild onions with bulbs, stems, and flowers.\" class=\"wp-image-15172\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Wild-Onion.jpg?w=485&amp;ssl=1 485w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Wild-Onion.jpg?resize=182%2C300&amp;ssl=1 182w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 485px) 100vw, 485px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 3: Wild Onion, Photo by Phil Dering<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following list contains other edible plants for you to investigate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Amaranth <em>(Amaranthus <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bumelia <em>(Sideroxylon lanuginosum)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cattail <em>(Typha <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cholla <em>(Cylindropuntia <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dayflower <em>(Commelina erecta)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Devil\u2019s Claw <em>(Proboscidea <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elderberry <em>(Sambucus canadensis, S. mexicana)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Escarpment Cherry <em>(Prunus serotina)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flameflower <em>(Phemeranthus aurantiacus)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hackberry <em>(Celtis ehrenbergiana, C. reticulata, C. laevigata)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hickory <em>(Carya <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Madrone <em>(Arbutus xalapensis)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mesquite <em>(Prosopis glandulosa)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mulberry <em>(Morus rubra, M. microphylla)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oak <em>(Quercus <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Passionflower <em>(Passiflora <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pecan <em>(Carya illinoinensis)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Persimmon <em>(Diospyros texana)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prairie Sumac <em>(Rhus integrifolia)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prickly Pear <em>(Opuntia <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Redbud <em>(Cercis canadensis)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tomatillo <em>(Physalis <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Turk\u2019s Cap <em>(Malvaviscus arboreus)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Walnut <em>(Juglans <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wild Gourd <em>(Cucurbita foetidissima)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wild Oats <em>(Avena fatua, A. sativa)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wild Sunflower <em>(Helianthus <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yaupon Holly <em>(Ilex vomitoria)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yucca <em>(Yucca <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>MEDICINAL PLANTS<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following plants are just a few examples of the many medicinal plants in our area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Agarita<\/strong> <em>(Berberis trifoliolata)<\/em> \u2013 Agarita is one of many examples of plants that are edible and provide medicinal benefits. Preparations made from the roots are antimicrobial and benefit the digestive system. This is due to berberine and related alkaloids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Elderberry<\/strong> <em>(Sambucus canadensis, S. mexicana)<\/em> \u2013 Prefers moist soils and can be found along creeks and streams and other bottomlands. The berries can be eaten directly from the plant. The flowers and leaves can be used to make a tea that can break a fever or work as a diuretic. The tea can also be used as an antiviral during cold and flu season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Elderberry.jpg?resize=640%2C428\" alt=\"Photo of a fruiting elderberry plant.\" class=\"wp-image-15171\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Elderberry.jpg?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Elderberry.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 4: Elderberry, Photo by Mark Johnson<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Prairie Sumac<\/strong> <em>(Rhus integrifolia)<\/em> \u2013 Also known as Skunkbush. It can be found in rocky, limestone-based soils, sunny prairies, woodland edges, and along roadsides. The red ripe fruits are sticky and lemon-sour tasting. The leaves serve a medicinal purpose \u2014 they are astringent and can be used to soothe burns and abrasions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Rhus-lanceolata-flameleaf-sumac.jpg?resize=800%2C533\" alt=\"Photo of a flowering prairie sumac plant.\" class=\"wp-image-15170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Rhus-lanceolata-flameleaf-sumac.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Rhus-lanceolata-flameleaf-sumac.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Rhus-lanceolata-flameleaf-sumac.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 5: Prairie Sumac, Photo by Gardenia.net<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Prickly Pear<\/strong> <em>(Opuntia <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em> \u2013 A ubiquitous plant throughout Texas, it can be found in open areas. The fruit is edible and tasty. The pads are edible as well. However, it also has medicinal uses. Like the aloe vera plant, the insides of the pads can be used to soothe burns, scrapes and insect stings. Eating the fruit and pads will lower blood sugar levels and cholesterol levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Yaupon Holly <\/strong><em>(Ilex vomitoria)<\/em> \u2013Yaupon holly is found on the coastal plains and can be found along the edge of woods and in and around bottomlands. Making tea out of just the leaves stimulates the nervous system due to its caffeine content. Yaupon Holly has the highest caffeine content of any North American plant. Its caffeine effects are similar to that of a cup of black or green tea. However, too much tea may cause gastrointestinal upset. The berries are poor tasting and very bitter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Yaupon-Holly.jpg?resize=400%2C260\" alt=\"Photo of fruiting branches of a yaupon holly.\" class=\"wp-image-15169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Yaupon-Holly.jpg?w=400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2026\/02\/Yaupon-Holly.jpg?resize=300%2C195&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 6: Yaupon Holly, Photo by Central Texas Gardener<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following list contains other medicinal plants for you to investigate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chiltepin <em>(Capsicum annuum)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cholla <em>(Cylindropuntia <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dewberry <em>(Rubus trivialis)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Escarpment Cherry <em>(Prunus serotina)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Madrone <em>(Arbutus xalapensis)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mesquite <em>(Prosopis glandulosa)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oak <em>(Quercus <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Passionflower <em>(Passiflora <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Persimmon <em>(Diospyros texana)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Redbud <em>(Cercis canadensis)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tomatillo <em>(Physalis <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Turk\u2019s Cap <em>(Malvaviscus arboreus)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Walnut <em>(Juglans <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wild Gourd <em>(Cucurbita foetidissima)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wild Grape <em>(Vitis <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wild Oats <em>(Avena fatua, A. sativa)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wild Onion <em>(Allium <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yucca <em>(Yucca <\/em>spp<em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Want to learn more about the plants mentioned in this Talking Point? Check out the references below.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kane, Charles K. 2016. Wild Edible Plants of Texas: A Pocket Guide to Identification, Collection, Preparation, and Use of 60 Wild Plants of the Lone Star State. United States of America: Lincoln Town Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cMedicinal Plants\u201d <em>Texas Parks &amp; Wildlife<\/em>, n.d., <a href=\"https:\/\/tpwd.texas.gov\/education\/resources\/texas-junior-naturalists\/plants\/medicinal-plants\">&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tpwd.texas.gov\/education\/resources\/texas-junior-naturalists\/plants\/medicinal-plants\">https:\/\/tpwd.texas.gov\/education\/resources\/texas-junior-naturalists\/plants\/medicinal-plants<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Happy Gardener, \u201cNative Texas Edible Plants (list)\u201d <em>Rainbow Gardens, <\/em>11 Nov. 2024,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rainbowgardens.biz\/edibles\/native-texas-edible-plants-list\/\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rainbowgardens.biz\/edibles\/native-texas-edible-plants-list\/\">https:\/\/www.rainbowgardens.biz\/edibles\/native-texas-edible-plants-list\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Knight, Eric M. and Coplin, Stacy M. 2021. Foraging Texas: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Foods in Texas. United States of America: The Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Written by Michael Meadows, AAMN WARNING! Exercise caution when foraging for native edible or medicinal plants. We strongly recommend that all plants are identified by an expert before consuming. Many&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/area-resources\/natural-areas-and-linear-creekways-guide\/edible-and-medicinal-plants\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1521,"featured_media":0,"parent":5790,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":""},"class_list":["post-15176","page","type-page","status-publish","entry"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"landing-template-slider":false,"landing-template-thumbnail":false,"template-flexcolumns-2":false,"template-flexcolumns-3":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"archive":false,"gform-image-choice-sm":false,"gform-image-choice-md":false,"gform-image-choice-lg":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"kellieclelland","author_link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/author\/kellieclelland\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Written by Michael Meadows, AAMN WARNING! Exercise caution when foraging for native edible or medicinal plants. We strongly recommend that all plants are identified by an expert before consuming. Many... Read More &rarr;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P5WTKM-3WM","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1521"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15176"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15176\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":14632,"date":"2025-03-23T06:06:48","date_gmt":"2025-03-23T11:06:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/?page_id=14632"},"modified":"2025-03-23T06:06:53","modified_gmt":"2025-03-23T11:06:53","slug":"pollinators-for-texas-initiative","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/area-resources\/pollinators-for-texas-initiative\/","title":{"rendered":"Pollinators for Texas initiative!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/03\/Pollinators-TX-FIRST-POST-1024x1024.png?resize=1024%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14634\" style=\"width:690px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/03\/Pollinators-TX-FIRST-POST.png?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/03\/Pollinators-TX-FIRST-POST.png?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/03\/Pollinators-TX-FIRST-POST.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/03\/Pollinators-TX-FIRST-POST.png?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/03\/Pollinators-TX-FIRST-POST.png?w=1080&amp;ssl=1 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We are excited to announce our participation in the Pollinators for Texas initiative! Our chapter was selected to receive $3,000 to help support native pollinators in our area! Our project, Woodlawn Lake Centennial Garden, aims to increase biodiversity and create a pocket prairie by planting native species that provide essential habitats for local pollinators, making a lasting impact on pollinator conservation. A big thank you to H-E-B for their generous support in this initiative and collaboration with the Texas Master Naturalist Program. Together, we\u2019re working to safeguard and enhance native pollinator populations across Texas! For more information about Pollinators for Texas visit the website at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/txmn.tamu.edu\/pollinators-for-texas\/\">https:\/\/txmn.tamu.edu\/pollinators-for-texas\/<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">#PollinatorsForTexas<br \/>#OurTexasOurFuture<br \/>#TexasMasterNaturalist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We are excited to announce our participation in the Pollinators for Texas initiative! Our chapter was selected to receive $3,000 to help support native pollinators in our area! Our project,&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/area-resources\/pollinators-for-texas-initiative\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1521,"featured_media":0,"parent":6933,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":""},"class_list":["post-14632","page","type-page","status-publish","entry","has-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"landing-template-slider":false,"landing-template-thumbnail":false,"template-flexcolumns-2":false,"template-flexcolumns-3":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"archive":false,"gform-image-choice-sm":false,"gform-image-choice-md":false,"gform-image-choice-lg":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"kellieclelland","author_link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/author\/kellieclelland\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"We are excited to announce our participation in the Pollinators for Texas initiative! Our chapter was selected to receive $3,000 to help support native pollinators in our area! Our project,... Read More &rarr;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P5WTKM-3O0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1521"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14632"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14632\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":14533,"date":"2025-02-28T17:31:14","date_gmt":"2025-02-28T23:31:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/?page_id=14533"},"modified":"2025-02-28T20:14:27","modified_gmt":"2025-03-01T02:14:27","slug":"hydrology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/area-resources\/natural-areas-and-linear-creekways-guide\/hydrology\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydrology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"779\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-14541 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_1.jpg?resize=512%2C779\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_1.jpg?w=512&amp;ssl=1 512w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_1.jpg?resize=197%2C300&amp;ssl=1 197w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#898173\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Photo Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><em>Written by <strong>Christopher Ray, Professor of Earth Sciences at San Antonio College and Cory Fosh\u00e9e, AAMN<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hydrology is the study of water near or at the land\u2019s surface that generally focuses on freshwater processes but can also include the study of saltwater lakes (i.e. the Great Salt Lake). Hydrology has a couple of different disciplines such as Surface Water Hydrologists, who focus on catchment systems, rivers, streams, and lakes; and Groundwater Hydrologists &#8211; who focus on the water that has seeped underground into the soils, sediments, and rocks beneath the surface. However, in general, both types of systems are interconnected and go hand in hand. There are also hydrologists that specialize in water quality, geochemistry, and even geomorphology &#8211; which is the study of how rivers and streams shape Earth\u2019s surface overtime. Overall, hydrologists study the freshwater processes that we\u2019ve all come to rely on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">THE IMPORTANCE OF HYDROLOGY<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-uagb-columns uagb-columns__wrap uagb-columns__background-none uagb-columns__stack-mobile uagb-columns__valign-top uagb-columns__gap-10 align uagb-block-9904320f uagb-columns__columns-2 uagb-columns__max_width-theme\"><div class=\"uagb-columns__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-columns__inner-wrap uagb-columns__columns-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-column uagb-column__wrap uagb-column__background-undefined uagb-block-0b43422a\"><div class=\"uagb-column__overlay\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aside from life\u2019s reliance on water, sometimes water can potentially be a hazard. Groundwater is pumped out for use because it tends to be cleaner, requires less filtration, and less treatment. Living along river systems, we can source our water from rivers but generally, we prefer to use groundwater. With living near river systems, one also needs to be aware of flood hazards. Hydrologists are able to look at the discharge in rivers and historical flood records. From this information, they can advise on the type of infrastructure that can be built nearby, as well as zoning areas for parks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Groundwater here in San Antonio is a big issue because we source most of our water from the Edwards Aquifer. Being able to study how the aquifer is recharged and how the water flows within it, and our effects of pumping the water out, are all areas of focus for hydrologists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"769\" height=\"510\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_3.jpg?resize=769%2C510\" alt=\"Photo Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority \" class=\"wp-image-14549\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_3.jpg?w=769&amp;ssl=1 769w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_3.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-column uagb-column__wrap uagb-column__background-undefined uagb-block-810af274\"><div class=\"uagb-column__overlay\"><\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"805\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_2.jpg?resize=525%2C805\" alt=\"Illustration depicting J-17 Index Well \u2013 Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority\" class=\"wp-image-14548\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_2.jpg?w=525&amp;ssl=1 525w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_2.jpg?resize=196%2C300&amp;ssl=1 196w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Illustration depicting J-17 Index Well \u2013 Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">THE WATER CYCLE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The water cycle is our conceptual model for the flow and movement of water through the different reservoirs of the hydrologic cycle. The biggest reservoir is the ocean. The ocean is the source of most of the water vapor that condenses and falls as precipitation on the land. Once water is on land, this is where it gets exciting because a couple of different things can happen. One, you can get runoff \u2013 water that flows to the rivers and streams, or two, you could have infiltration \u2013 this is the water that seeps into the soils and eventually flows as groundwater. And then you have biological processes such as when plants pull that moisture from the soil, transpire it, and release it back into the atmosphere, eventually trying to make its way back to the ocean, and it just keeps spinning!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image aligncenter uagb-block-5b88f52d wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/watercycle_rc.png ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/watercycle_rc.png 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/watercycle_rc.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/watercycle_rc.png?resize=1275%2C717&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"The water cycle - Image credit: Dennis Cain\/NWS\" class=\"uag-image-14550\" width=\"1275\" height=\"717\" title=\"watercycle_rc\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">The water cycle &#8211; Image credit: Dennis Cain\/NWS<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">POTENTIAL CHALLENGES BROUGHT ON BY CLIMATE CHANGE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image alignright uagb-block-b9d58074 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-right\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_4.jpg ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_4.jpg 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_4.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_4.jpg?resize=710%2C519&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority\" class=\"uag-image-14554\" width=\"710\" height=\"519\" title=\"Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"responsive-image wp-block-paragraph\">In our region we are along what is called the 100<sup>th <\/sup>Meridian \u2013 the imaginary border between the humid East and the dry West. We get about half the amount of rain that Houston receives, but double the rainfall of El Paso. Our climate is what\u2019s considered to be semi-arid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the ideas regarding climate change is that it will lead to a redistribution of storm patterns and rainfall patterns. The 100<sup>th<\/sup> Meridian will then start to ease its way East \u2013 this means the eastern portion of the U.S is predicted to get wetter and the western portion is predicted to get drier. Since our region is right on the cusp of the two, we may start to see drier conditions and prolonged periods of drought. With this in mind, we have to consider how we are going to sustain the water resources we rely on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other studies have shown that storm intensity may increase whereas the average number of storms may remain the same, but the storms we do experience will be stronger. As the oceans warm, evaporation increases fueling larger and larger storm systems.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">THE SAN ANTONIO RIVER AND THE EDWARDS AQUIFER FOR HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-uagb-columns uagb-columns__wrap uagb-columns__background-none uagb-columns__stack-mobile uagb-columns__valign-top uagb-columns__gap-0 align uagb-block-042687bb uagb-columns__columns-2 uagb-columns__max_width-theme\"><div class=\"uagb-columns__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-columns__inner-wrap uagb-columns__columns-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-column uagb-column__wrap uagb-column__background-undefined uagb-block-5c72a33f\"><div class=\"uagb-column__overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image aligncenter uagb-block-a12cca4a wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_5.jpg ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_5.jpg 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_5.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_5.jpg?resize=731%2C486&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority\" class=\"uag-image-14555\" width=\"731\" height=\"486\" title=\"Recharge into a sinkhole \u2013 Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority \" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Recharge into a sinkhole \u2013 Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-column uagb-column__wrap uagb-column__background-undefined uagb-block-2947d4ea\"><div class=\"uagb-column__overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-9b44a3cc wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_6.jpg ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_6.jpg 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_6.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_6.jpg?resize=764%2C429&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Water Sampling \u2013 Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority\" class=\"uag-image-14556\" width=\"764\" height=\"429\" title=\"Water Sampling \u2013 Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Water Sampling \u2013 Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Edwards Aquifer is heavily studied and much research on it is carried out by the Edwards Aquifer Authority, as well as at UTSA\u2019s Institute for Water Research. The Edwards Aquifer is the source of water feeding springs that are the headwaters for many of the rivers in the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image aligncenter uagb-block-254e5bde wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_7.jpg ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_7.jpg 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_7.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_7.jpg?resize=657%2C493&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"San Antonio River \u2013 Image Credit: Cory Fosh\u00e9e\" class=\"uag-image-14557\" width=\"657\" height=\"493\" title=\"San Antonio River \u2013 Image Credit: Cory Fosh\u00e9e\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">San Antonio River \u2013 Image Credit: Cory Fosh\u00e9e <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WHICH NATIVE PLANTS AND ANIMALS RELY ON THESE BODIES OF WATER?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are many animals that rely on the San Antonio River, nearby creeks, and neighboring riparian areas. These include but are not limited to: Largemouth Bass, Yellow Bullhead, Red-eared Sliders, the Comal Blind Salamander, Raccoons, White-tail Deer, Cottontail Rabbits, Whooping Cranes, and Ospreys (sanantonio.gov).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"610\" height=\"436\" data-id=\"14559\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_8.jpg?resize=610%2C436&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Comal Blind Salamander \u2013 Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority\" class=\"wp-image-14559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_8.jpg?w=610&amp;ssl=1 610w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_8.jpg?resize=300%2C214&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Comal Blind Salamander \u2013 Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"534\" data-id=\"14560\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_9.jpg?resize=950%2C534&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Red-eared Slider - Image credit: Cory Fosh\u00e9e\" class=\"wp-image-14560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_9.jpg?w=950&amp;ssl=1 950w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_9.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_9.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_9.jpg?resize=400%2C225&amp;ssl=1 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Red-eared Slider &#8211; Image credit: Cory Fosh\u00e9e <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"892\" height=\"669\" data-id=\"14558\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_10.jpg?resize=892%2C669&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Yellow Bullhead \u2013 Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority\" class=\"wp-image-14558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_10.jpg?w=892&amp;ssl=1 892w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_10.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/EAA_10.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 892px) 100vw, 892px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Yellow Bullhead \u2013 Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some of the many plants that can be found in or near our waterways include <em>Taxodium distichum <\/em>(Bald Cypress), <em>Platanus occidentalis <\/em>(American sycamore), <em>Ceratophyllum demersum<\/em> (Hornwort), <em>Epipactis gigantea<\/em> (Chatterbox), <em>Potamogeton nodosus<\/em> (Longleaf Pondweed), and <em>Cephalanthus occidentalis <\/em>(Common Buttonbush).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"501\" height=\"669\" data-id=\"14563\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/Hydrology_plants_1.jpg?resize=501%2C669&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Epipactis gigantea \u2013 Courtesy of Texas Flora\" class=\"wp-image-14563\" title=\"Epipactis gigantea \u2013 Courtesy of Texas Flora\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/Hydrology_plants_1.jpg?w=501&amp;ssl=1 501w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/Hydrology_plants_1.jpg?resize=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Epipactis gigantea \u2013 Courtesy of Texas Flora<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"523\" height=\"697\" data-id=\"14565\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/Hydrology_plants_3.jpg?resize=523%2C697&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Potamogeton nodosus \u2013 Courtesy of Texas Flora\" class=\"wp-image-14565\" title=\"Potamogeton nodosus \u2013 Courtesy of Texas Flora\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/Hydrology_plants_3.jpg?w=523&amp;ssl=1 523w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/Hydrology_plants_3.jpg?resize=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 523px) 100vw, 523px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Potamogeton nodosus \u2013 Courtesy of Texas Flora<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"510\" height=\"660\" data-id=\"14564\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/Hydrology_plants_2.jpg?resize=510%2C660&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cephalanthus occidentalis \u2013 Courtesy of Texas Flora\" class=\"wp-image-14564\" title=\"Cephalanthus occidentalis \u2013 Courtesy of Texas Flora\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/Hydrology_plants_2.jpg?w=510&amp;ssl=1 510w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/02\/Hydrology_plants_2.jpg?resize=232%2C300&amp;ssl=1 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Cephalanthus occidentalis \u2013 Courtesy of Texas Flora<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HOW CAN MASTER NATURALISTS\/CITIZENS HELP WITH HYDROLOGY?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the best ways to help maintain a good water supply is to be mindful of water restrictions that are in place. Only water your lawn at certain parts of the day and if there are water restrictions for only certain times of the week, you should <em>really<\/em> follow these! Realize that you do not have to water every day, especially if you plant native grasses such as Buffalograss (<em>Bouteloua dactyloides<\/em>) or Blue Grama (<em>Bouteloua gracilis<\/em>). Another way you can help is by always making sure to dispose of harmful materials properly \u2013 such as motor oil, paints, flea collars, household cleaners, and medicines (epa.gov).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Epa.gov (2024) Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/hw\/household-hazardous-waste-hhw\">https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/hw\/household-hazardous-waste-hhw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sanantonio.gov (2014) Water Facts &amp; Impacts <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sanantonio.gov\/Remember-the-River\/Get-the-Facts\/Water-Facts-and-Impacts#:~:text=River%20Authority%20webpage.-,San%20Antonio%20River,Sunfish%2C%20Channel%20Catfish%2C%20Red%20Shiner\">https:\/\/www.sanantonio.gov\/Remember-the-River\/Get-the-Facts\/Water-Facts-and-Impacts#:~:text=River%20Authority%20webpage.-,San%20Antonio%20River,Sunfish%2C%20Channel%20Catfish%2C%20Red%20Shiner<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"http:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/natural-areas-and-linear-creekways-guide\/\">Table Of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Photo Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority Written by Christopher Ray, Professor of Earth Sciences at San Antonio College and Cory Fosh\u00e9e, AAMN Hydrology is the study of water near&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/area-resources\/natural-areas-and-linear-creekways-guide\/hydrology\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1388,"featured_media":0,"parent":5790,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":""},"class_list":["post-14533","page","type-page","status-publish","entry","has-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"landing-template-slider":false,"landing-template-thumbnail":false,"template-flexcolumns-2":false,"template-flexcolumns-3":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"archive":false,"gform-image-choice-sm":false,"gform-image-choice-md":false,"gform-image-choice-lg":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"jcampa","author_link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/author\/jcampa\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Photo Courtesy of the Edwards Aquifer Authority Written by Christopher Ray, Professor of Earth Sciences at San Antonio College and Cory Fosh\u00e9e, AAMN Hydrology is the study of water near... Read More &rarr;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P5WTKM-3Mp","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1388"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14533"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14533\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":14382,"date":"2025-01-13T12:42:34","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T18:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/?page_id=14382"},"modified":"2025-01-29T07:01:47","modified_gmt":"2025-01-29T13:01:47","slug":"weather-and-climate-in-and-around-bexar-county","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/area-resources\/natural-areas-and-linear-creekways-guide\/weather-and-climate-in-and-around-bexar-county\/","title":{"rendered":"Weather and Climate in and around Bexar County"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-1b378e2b-190c-4829-9f08-27eed322c2fd\"><em><strong>By Laura Bray, AAMN Class 49<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-3f645aaf-fb0f-46ea-b170-b10c637c63ec\"><strong><\/strong><strong>WHAT KIND OF WEATHER DO WE GET?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-2c8de033-05f0-421f-976c-4aa8c33e5336\">Surprise! (Not.) July and August are our hottest months, and January the coolest. We generally get just under 30 inches of rain a year.<sup>1 &nbsp;<\/sup>But it can vary widely year-to-year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image aligncenter uagb-block-3b7066eb wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/bexar_precipitation-scaled.jpg ,http:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/bexar_precipitation-scaled.jpg 780w, http:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/bexar_precipitation-scaled.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/bexar_precipitation-scaled.jpg?resize=2560%2C851&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Figure 1: NOAA National Centers for Environmental information, Climate at a Glance: County Time Series, published May 2024, retrieved on May 14, 2024 from https:\/\/www.ncei.noaa.gov\/access\/monitoring\/climate-at-a-glance\/county\/time-series\" class=\"uag-image-14383\" width=\"2560\" height=\"851\" title=\"bexar_precipitation\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Figure 1: NOAA National Centers for Environmental information, Climate at a Glance: County Time Series, published May 2024, retrieved on May 14, 2024 from https:\/\/www.ncei.noaa.gov\/access\/monitoring\/climate-at-a-glance\/county\/time-series<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image alignright uagb-block-20a3fb2a wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-right\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/weather_average_bexar.jpg ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/weather_average_bexar.jpg 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/weather_average_bexar.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/weather_average_bexar.jpg?resize=624%2C390&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Annual Severe Weather Watches per Year\" class=\"uag-image-14393\" width=\"624\" height=\"390\" title=\"weather_average_bexar\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Figure 2: Graphic courtesy of NWS Austin\/San Antonio<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-d61f9483-32b6-49eb-9fc0-bd7836eef70d\">Our severe weather threats primarily include flash flooding (see next section) and severe thunderstorms. We are mostly safe from hurricanes because they get their energy from the water and they dissipate as they move over land, although they can cause flooding. San Antonio does experience tornadoes, but mostly minor ones that cause little damage. \u201cTornado Alley\u201d reaches only as far as the north suburbs of Austin. The last EF5 tornado to hit Texas struck Jarrell in 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-d61f9483-32b6-49eb-9fc0-bd7836eef70d\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/ewx\/\">NWS Austin\/San Antonio<\/a> office comprises 33 counties over an area the size of Maine. In addition to their work in forecasting, they coordinate with local emergency managers during severe weather events. When strong thunderstorms were predicted during 2024 Fiesta, NWS Austin\/San Antonio deployed meteorologists to Oyster Bake (since the event is largely outdoors with little protection from the weather). Their input facilitated the decision to end the music program early and send participants away to find shelter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-4e409cd9-55b2-4d43-8169-c2959d1650ba\">In mid-May 2024, a storm that moved through central Texas produced 6\u201d hail and caused over $1M in damage in Hays County.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-d6960e92-524c-4b24-ab10-3b5d31286f02\"><strong><\/strong><strong>FLASH FLOOD ALLEY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image alignright uagb-block-8011c9b4 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-right\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/flash_flood_alley.jpg ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/flash_flood_alley.jpg 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/flash_flood_alley.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/flash_flood_alley.jpg?resize=436%2C356&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Flash Flood Alley, Graphic courtesy NWS Austin\/San Antonio\" class=\"uag-image-14392\" width=\"436\" height=\"356\" title=\"flash_flood_alley\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Figure 3: Graphic courtesy NWS Austin\/San Antonio<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-edd3dfcf-1814-408f-a2a1-e573281b9cd0\">Our area is well known across the country as Flash Flood Alley. About 125 people die every year in flash floods, half of them in vehicles.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our topography, heavy urban development, and poor soil all contribute to creating Flash Flood Alley. It largely follows the curve of the Balcones Escarpment. (See p. 245 in your \u201cTexas Master Naturalist\u201d textbook.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most Texas weather-related deaths are due to flooding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Just before the Big Flood of 1998, the City of San Antonio opened a massive flood diversion tunnel that directs the water from the San Antonio River under downtown. The intake is located near the Pearl complex; the outflow is near Lone Star Blvd.<sup>4 <\/sup>&nbsp;It saved downtown and its businesses from the massive floodwaters in 1998 and other times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NWS Austin\/San Antonio promotes the \u201c6\/12\/24 Rule\u201d to help educate citizens about the dangers of moving water during flooding events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-92d2a121 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/texas_weather_related_deaths.jpg ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/texas_weather_related_deaths.jpg 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/texas_weather_related_deaths.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/texas_weather_related_deaths.jpg?resize=624%2C368&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Texas Weather Related Deaths 1990 - 2022\" class=\"uag-image-14391\" width=\"624\" height=\"368\" title=\"texas_weather_related_deaths\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Figure 4: Graphic courtesy NWS Austin\/San Antonio<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-fb378186 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/flood_depth.jpg ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/flood_depth.jpg 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/flood_depth.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/flood_depth.jpg?resize=624%2C328&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Do you really know how deep water is?\" class=\"uag-image-14390\" width=\"624\" height=\"328\" title=\"flood_depth\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Figure 5: Graphic courtesy NWS Austin\/San Antonio<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-206ebebe-0a8b-48f3-8a67-bde127ee027c\"><strong><\/strong><strong>LOCAL DROUGHT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our region is also prone to drought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/droughtmonitor.unl.edu\/CurrentMap\/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?TX\">US Drought Monitor for Texas<\/a> is produced by the National Drought Mitigation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. It\u2019s updated every week.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image aligncenter uagb-block-99751565 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/texas_drought_map.png ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/texas_drought_map.png 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/texas_drought_map.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/texas_drought_map.png?resize=480%2C446&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Texas Drought Map\" class=\"uag-image-14389\" width=\"480\" height=\"446\" title=\"texas_drought_map\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Figure 6: The US Drought Monitor map of Texas from May 9, 2024. Kendall County is shown in Extreme Drought<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-0f93fa18-3f75-435d-91fe-e5959321d051\"><strong><\/strong><strong>EARNING VOLUNTEER HOURS AND ADVANCED TRAINING HOURS WITH THE WEATHER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-4d0a6ed8-6135-43d8-bc85-186ad9d8397d\">Did you know you can earn volunteer hours by observing weather? You can, through the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cocorahs.org\/\"> Community Collaborative Rain, Hail &amp; Snow Network<\/a>, or CoCoRaHS for short.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-4d0a6ed8-6135-43d8-bc85-186ad9d8397d\">CoCoRaHS is a community-based network of volunteers of all ages and backgrounds working together to measure and map precipitation (rain, hail and snow).<sup>5<\/sup> It\u2019s easy (and free) to sign up. Just register on their website, purchase one of their rain gauges, and get to work on your daily observations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-dd8ae8f4 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/cocorahs_dashboard.jpg ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/cocorahs_dashboard.jpg 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/cocorahs_dashboard.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/cocorahs_dashboard.jpg?resize=624%2C560&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"cocoRaHS Dashboard\" class=\"uag-image-14388\" width=\"624\" height=\"560\" title=\"cocorahs_dashboard\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Figure 7: The CoCoRaHS data entry form. Courtesy CoCoRaHS<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-f964548a wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/cocorahs_rain_gauge.jpg ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/cocorahs_rain_gauge.jpg 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/cocorahs_rain_gauge.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/cocorahs_rain_gauge.jpg?resize=380%2C648&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"cocoRahs Rain Gauge\" class=\"uag-image-14387\" width=\"380\" height=\"648\" title=\"cocorahs_rain_gauge\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Figure 8: A mounted CoCoRaHS rain gauge. Photo courtesy Laura Bray.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-a11456c1-183c-4558-8b52-ddbe4355d701\">If you\u2019re faithful in posting your observations, you earn 2.5 hours a month in TMN volunteer hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-451d1f02-e9d3-4396-929f-0bf7736684ff\">There are often AAMN-approved Advanced Training opportunities for NWS Austin\/San Antonio office tours (offered during Initial Training classes and opened to all AAMN members as space allows) and NWS SKYWARN<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> training. Storm spotters trained through the SKYWARN<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> program provide Situational Awareness and Ground Truth, since NWS radar doesn\u2019t see everything.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SKYWARN<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> training prepares citizens for hazardous weather threats specific to South Central Texas. These sessions also serve as an opportunity for the public to learn how to assist local forecasters with weather reports during these critical weather events. Most SKYWARN<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> training sessions are conducted in the spring to coincide with severe weather season.<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-451d1f02-e9d3-4396-929f-0bf7736684ff\">In 2024, a SKYWARN<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> session was approved for AT credit for the Alamo Area chapter. Make sure to check the AAMN calendar for approved events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image aligncenter uagb-block-b45e1042 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/forcasts_presentation-1024x669.jpg ,https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/forcasts_presentation.jpg 780w, https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/forcasts_presentation.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2025\/01\/forcasts_presentation-1024x669.jpg?resize=1024%2C669&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Forcasts Master Naturalist Presentation being given by speaker\" class=\"uag-image-14386\" width=\"1024\" height=\"669\" title=\"forcasts_presentation\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\" \/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Figure 9: Photo courtesy Laura Bray<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-d3a495cf-4ac5-4a51-a1ea-f1f9308c9ee6\"><strong><\/strong><strong><u>Footnotes\/Sources:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-03e0048d-bc29-4ab5-9ed8-b436137a90df\">1:<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Antonio#:~:text=In%20San%20Antonio%2C%20July%20and,)%20on%20January%2031%2C%201949\"> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Antonio#:~:text=In%20San%20Antonio%2C%20July%20and,)%20on%20January%2031%2C%201949<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.expressnews.com\/hill-country\/article\/san-marcos-hays-county-severe-weather-hail-19455498.php\">https:\/\/www.expressnews.com\/hill-country\/article\/san-marcos-hays-county-severe-weather-hail-19455498.php<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.expressnews.com\/san-antonio-weather\/article\/texas-flash-flood-alley-landscape-explained-18703239.php\">https:\/\/www.expressnews.com\/san-antonio-weather\/article\/texas-flash-flood-alley-landscape-explained-18703239.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sariverauthority.org\/projects\/san-antonio-river-tunnel\/\">https:\/\/www.sariverauthority.org\/projects\/san-antonio-river-tunnel\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cocorahs.org\/\">https:\/\/www.cocorahs.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-03e0048d-bc29-4ab5-9ed8-b436137a90df\">6: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/ewx\/skywarn\">https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/ewx\/skywarn<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"http:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/natural-areas-and-linear-creekways-guide\/\">Table Of Contents<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Additional Family Resources:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2023\/10\/howstheweather.pdf\">How&#8217;s the Weather<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2023\/07\/weirdandwonderfulweather.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2023\/07\/weirdandwonderfulweather.pdf\">Weird and Wonderful Weather<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Laura Bray, AAMN Class 49 WHAT KIND OF WEATHER DO WE GET? Surprise! (Not.) July and August are our hottest months, and January the coolest. We generally get just&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/area-resources\/natural-areas-and-linear-creekways-guide\/weather-and-climate-in-and-around-bexar-county\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1388,"featured_media":0,"parent":5790,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":""},"class_list":["post-14382","page","type-page","status-publish","entry","has-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"landing-template-slider":false,"landing-template-thumbnail":false,"template-flexcolumns-2":false,"template-flexcolumns-3":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"archive":false,"gform-image-choice-sm":false,"gform-image-choice-md":false,"gform-image-choice-lg":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"jcampa","author_link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/author\/jcampa\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Laura Bray, AAMN Class 49 WHAT KIND OF WEATHER DO WE GET? Surprise! (Not.) July and August are our hottest months, and January the coolest. We generally get just... Read More &rarr;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P5WTKM-3JY","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14382","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1388"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14382"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14382\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":13922,"date":"2024-02-01T14:41:32","date_gmt":"2024-02-01T20:41:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/?page_id=13922"},"modified":"2026-08-09T13:15:45","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T18:15:45","slug":"city-nature-challenge","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/about\/city-nature-challenge\/","title":{"rendered":"City Nature Challenge"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>City Nature Challenge (CNC)<\/strong> is an annual, global event using iNaturalist that encourages people in cities around the world to observe and document the biodiversity present in their urban environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The CNC takes place every fourth weekend of April, starting from Friday through Monday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The City Nature Challenge promotes citizen science, environmental education, and awareness of urban biodiversity, fostering a greater connection to the natural world. City Nature Challenge is among the several approved Citizen Science Projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-tiled-gallery aligncenter is-style-rectangular\"><div class=\"\"><div class=\"tiled-gallery__gallery\"><div class=\"tiled-gallery__row\"><div class=\"tiled-gallery__col\" style=\"flex-basis:42.88411%\"><figure class=\"tiled-gallery__item\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-1024x768.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=600 600w,https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-1024x768.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=900 900w,https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-1024x768.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1200 1200w,https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-1024x768.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1500 1500w,https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-1024x768.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1800 1800w,https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-1024x768.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=2000 2000w\" alt=\"City Nature Challenge San Antonio\" data-height=\"1920\" data-id=\"13924\" data-link=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/about\/city-nature-challenge\/cibolocreekranch_gtwt_inat_walk\/\" data-url=\"http:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-1024x768.jpg\" data-width=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-1024x768.jpg\" data-amp-layout=\"responsive\"\/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"tiled-gallery__col\" style=\"flex-basis:57.11589%\"><figure class=\"tiled-gallery__item\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN3-1024x576.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=600 600w,https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN3-1024x576.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=900 900w,https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN3-1024x576.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1200 1200w,https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN3-1024x576.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1500 1500w,https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN3-1024x576.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1800 1800w,https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN3-1024x576.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=2000 2000w\" alt=\"\" data-height=\"1440\" data-id=\"13926\" data-link=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/about\/city-nature-challenge\/inat2023_headwaters_aamn3\/\" data-url=\"http:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN3-1024x576.jpg\" data-width=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN3-1024x576.jpg\" data-amp-layout=\"responsive\"\/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">iNaturalist and the City Nature Challenge directly support the goals of Master Naturalists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cultivates a connection between individuals and their local nature in urban and metro areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fosters community building by organizing in-person walks, public outreach events, and online training sessions focusing on local flora and fauna.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Utilizes the iNaturalist application to conduct field research and gather urban biodiversity data. Share this data with AAMN Partners, including Texas Nature Trackers, City of San Antonio Parks and Rec, San Antonio River Authorities, and other collaborators. The collected information will play a crucial role in informing policy and management decisions related to the urban environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Encourages increased volunteer participation in biodiversity documentation within the Alamo Area Chapter and the wider public.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sparks enjoyment and engagement through friendly competition and collaboration!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-tiled-gallery aligncenter is-style-rectangular\"><div class=\"\"><div class=\"tiled-gallery__gallery\"><div class=\"tiled-gallery__row\"><div class=\"tiled-gallery__col\" style=\"flex-basis:100.00000%\"><figure class=\"tiled-gallery__item\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/city-nature-challenge-san-antonio.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=600 600w,https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/city-nature-challenge-san-antonio.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=900 900w,https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/city-nature-challenge-san-antonio.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1000 1000w\" alt=\"\" data-height=\"500\" data-id=\"13927\" data-link=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/about\/city-nature-challenge\/city-nature-challenge-san-antonio\/\" data-url=\"http:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/city-nature-challenge-san-antonio.jpg\" data-width=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/city-nature-challenge-san-antonio.jpg\" data-amp-layout=\"responsive\"\/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>History of San Antonio&#8217;s participation in the City Nature Challenge<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/projects\/city-nature-challenge-san-antonio-history\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/projects\/city-nature-challenge-san-antonio-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Explore the history and data of the City Nature Challenge San Antonio Metro Area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN12-1024x683.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"City Nature Challenge San Antonio\" class=\"wp-image-13925\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN12-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN12-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN12-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN12-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/iNat2023_Headwaters_AAMN12-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1365&amp;ssl=1 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Volunteer Opportunities <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the full backing of AAMN, there are many ways to participate in the City Nature Challenge:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Volunteer<\/strong> on an iNaturalist walk<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Promote the Challenge<\/strong> by sharing information with your friends, neighbors, and community organizations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Help with identifications<\/strong> during the post-observation period.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Explore outdoors<\/strong> and make your own nature observations using iNaturalist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/e\/1FAIpQLSezo6rV4si7f_yJ8m-rQeevqOSx1bTcDmbfKzi8u_MF26VWOQ\/viewform\"><strong>Volunteer with City Nature Challenge<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To learn more about the event and sign up for the newsletter, visit the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnc-sa.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">City Nature Challenge San Antonio Metro Area website<\/a> and follow the CNC San Antonio Metro Area on <a href=\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/cnc.sanantonio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Instagram<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SanAntonioCNC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnc-sa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"469\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CNC_Logo_Color-1024x469.png?resize=1024%2C469\" alt=\"City Nature Challenge San Antonio\" class=\"wp-image-13914\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CNC_Logo_Color.png?resize=1024%2C469&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CNC_Logo_Color.png?resize=300%2C138&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CNC_Logo_Color.png?resize=768%2C352&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CNC_Logo_Color.png?resize=1536%2C704&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CNC_Logo_Color.png?resize=2048%2C939&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CNC_Logo_Color.png?w=3000 3000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>City Nature Challenge (CNC) is an annual, global event using iNaturalist that encourages people in cities around the world to observe and document the biodiversity present in their urban environments&#8230;. <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/about\/city-nature-challenge\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1389,"featured_media":13924,"parent":2,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":""},"class_list":["post-13922","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","entry"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1920&ssl=1",2560,1920,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1",300,225,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?fit=768%2C576&ssl=1",768,576,true],"large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1",1024,768,true],"landing-template-slider":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&ssl=1",1024,576,true],"landing-template-thumbnail":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?resize=483%2C272&ssl=1",483,272,true],"template-flexcolumns-2":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?resize=554%2C332&ssl=1",554,332,true],"template-flexcolumns-3":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?resize=370%2C222&ssl=1",370,222,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?fit=1536%2C1152&ssl=1",1536,1152,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?fit=2048%2C1536&ssl=1",2048,1536,true],"archive":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C225&ssl=1",400,225,true],"gform-image-choice-sm":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1",300,300,true],"gform-image-choice-md":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1",400,400,true],"gform-image-choice-lg":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2024\/02\/CiboloCreekRanch_GTWT_iNat_Walk-scaled.jpg?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1",600,600,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"haeley.giambalvo","author_link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/author\/haeley-giambalvo\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"City Nature Challenge (CNC) is an annual, global event using iNaturalist that encourages people in cities around the world to observe and document the biodiversity present in their urban environments.... Read More &rarr;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P5WTKM-3Cy","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1389"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13922"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13922\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":13649,"date":"2023-08-04T08:30:56","date_gmt":"2023-08-04T13:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/?page_id=13649"},"modified":"2023-08-04T08:30:59","modified_gmt":"2023-08-04T13:30:59","slug":"sapar-volunteer-release-form","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/members\/sapar-volunteer-release-form\/","title":{"rendered":"SAPAR Volunteer Release Form"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All volunteers for San Antonio Parks must submit a volunteer waiver release form when they begin volunteering and then annually thereafter. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forms.office.com\/Pages\/ResponsePage.aspx?id=TyGwGkqsB0Snxi7x63baxcX7kfzD0rlBq9W7xnIzQ7FUMERHM0FNRVpHN1kzTTVVN1JKOVdYS0xPSy4u&amp;qrcode=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Complete online form here.<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-1024x768.jpg?resize=1024%2C768\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>All volunteers for San Antonio Parks must submit a volunteer waiver release form when they begin volunteering and then annually thereafter. \u00a0 Complete online form here.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1389,"featured_media":13260,"parent":4322,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":""},"class_list":["post-13649","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","entry"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1920&ssl=1",2560,1920,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1",300,225,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?fit=768%2C576&ssl=1",768,576,true],"large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1",1024,768,true],"landing-template-slider":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&ssl=1",1024,576,true],"landing-template-thumbnail":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=483%2C272&ssl=1",483,272,true],"template-flexcolumns-2":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=554%2C332&ssl=1",554,332,true],"template-flexcolumns-3":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=370%2C222&ssl=1",370,222,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?fit=1536%2C1152&ssl=1",1536,1152,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?fit=2048%2C1536&ssl=1",2048,1536,true],"archive":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C225&ssl=1",400,225,true],"gform-image-choice-sm":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1",300,300,true],"gform-image-choice-md":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1",400,400,true],"gform-image-choice-lg":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2022\/09\/land-bridge-oct-2021-ts-8-scaled.jpg?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1",600,600,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"haeley.giambalvo","author_link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/author\/haeley-giambalvo\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"All volunteers for San Antonio Parks must submit a volunteer waiver release form when they begin volunteering and then annually thereafter. \u00a0 Complete online form here.","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P5WTKM-3y9","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1389"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13649"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13649\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4322"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":13443,"date":"2023-02-20T12:05:24","date_gmt":"2023-02-20T18:05:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/?page_id=13443"},"modified":"2026-04-19T11:11:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-19T16:11:28","slug":"book-texas-naturally-the-rise-of-the-texas-master-naturalist-movement","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/area-resources\/book-texas-naturally-the-rise-of-the-texas-master-naturalist-movement\/","title":{"rendered":"Book: Texas Naturally! The Rise of the Texas Master Naturalist\u2122 Movement"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A PDF copy of the book is available for free download.  This book was written and edited by Krin Van Tatenhove (Class 45) and published by the Alamo Area Chapter in 2022 for its 25th Anniversary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2023\/02\/Texas-Naturally-The-Rise-of-the-Texas-Master-Naturalist-Movement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download a PDF copy of the book here<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"333\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2023\/02\/Texas-Naturally-Book.jpeg?resize=333%2C500\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2023\/02\/Texas-Naturally-Book.jpeg?w=333&amp;ssl=1 333w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/txmn.org\/alamo\/files\/2023\/02\/Texas-Naturally-Book.jpeg?resize=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A PDF copy of the book is available for free download. This book was written and edited by Krin Van Tatenhove (Class 45) and published by the Alamo Area Chapter&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/area-resources\/book-texas-naturally-the-rise-of-the-texas-master-naturalist-movement\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1389,"featured_media":0,"parent":6933,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":""},"class_list":["post-13443","page","type-page","status-publish","entry","has-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"landing-template-slider":false,"landing-template-thumbnail":false,"template-flexcolumns-2":false,"template-flexcolumns-3":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"archive":false,"gform-image-choice-sm":false,"gform-image-choice-md":false,"gform-image-choice-lg":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"haeley.giambalvo","author_link":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/author\/haeley-giambalvo\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"A PDF copy of the book is available for free download. This book was written and edited by Krin Van Tatenhove (Class 45) and published by the Alamo Area Chapter... Read More &rarr;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P5WTKM-3uP","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1389"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13443"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13443\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/txmn.org\/alamo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}]